Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

NEVNew energy vehicle. Chinese term for BEV + PHEV + FCEV. As FCEV sales are almost non-existent in China, in the context of China EV DataTracker, we use EV as a synonym for NEV for easier understanding
BEVBattery Electric Vehicle (all-electric vehicle)
PHEVPlug-in electric vehicle. It is also called a parallel hybrid
EREVExtended range electric vehicle. It is a type of PHEV where ICE is not connected to the wheels; it only charges the battery or runs the electric motor. It’s also called serial hybrid
EVElectric vehicle. EV = BEV + PHEV
ICEInternal combustion engine
FCEVFuel cell electric vehicle (hydrogen)
PSSPower Swap Station, Nio’s term for battery swap station
SOEState-owned enterprise. In our context, it is usually used for state-owned automakers
BBAAudi, Benz, BMW (abbreviation for German legacy automakers)
CNCCarNewsChina
ADASAdvanced drive assistant system
LFPLithium iron phosphate battery
NMCNickel Manganese Cobalt battery (also called ternary)
RWDRear wheel drive
FWDFront wheel drive
AWDAll-wheel drive
MoMMonth-on-month, comparison with the previous month
WoWWeek-on-week, comparison with the previous week
YoYYear-over-year, comparison with the same period the previous year
JVJoint venture. China required foreign automobile companies to form JVs with local automakers in exchange for market access. Foreign ownership in these JVs was capped at 50%. China removed the joint ownership requirements in 2022. Examples: SAIC-VW, BMW-Brilliance
PVPassenger vehicle
CVCommercial vehicle
MIITMinistry of Industry and Information Technology
CAAMChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers
CPCAChina Passenger Car Association
TOPSTrillions or Tera Operations per Second
CLTCChina Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle